Identifying media content

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for receiving (i) audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query, and (ii) environmental audio data, obtaining a transcription of the spoken natural language query, determining a particular content type associated with one or more keywords in the transcription, providing at least a portion of the environmental audio data to a content recognition engine, and identifying a content item that has been output by the content recognition engine, and that matches the particular content type.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/698,949, filed Sep. 10, 2012, the entire contents ofthe previous application is hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD

The present specification relates to identifying items of media contentand, more specifically, to using keywords in spoken natural languagequeries to disambiguate the results of an audio fingerprint-basedcontent recognition.

BACKGROUND

Audio fingerprinting provides the ability to link short, unlabeled,snippets of audio content to corresponding data about that content.Audio fingerprinting also provides the ability to automatically identifyand cross-link background audio, such as songs.

SUMMARY

According to some innovative aspects of the subject matter described inthis specification, an item of media content is identified based onenvironmental audio data and a spoken natural language query. Forexample, a user may ask a question about a television program that theyare viewing, such as “what are we watching right now?” The question mayinclude keywords, such as “watching,” that suggest that the question isabout a television show and not some other type of media content. Theuser's mobile device detects the user's utterance and environmentaldata, which may include the soundtrack audio of the television program.The mobile computing device encodes the utterance and the environmentaldata as waveform data, and provides the waveform data to a server-basedcomputing environment.

The computing environment separates the utterance from the environmentaldata of the waveform data, and then processes the utterance to obtain atranscription of the utterance. From the transcription, the computingenvironment detects any content type-specific keywords, such as thekeyword “watching.” The computing environment can then identify items ofmedia content based on the environmental data, and can select aparticular item of media content, from among the identified items, thatmatches the particular content type associated with the keywords. Thecomputing environment provides a representation of the particular itemof media content to the user of the mobile computing device.

Innovative aspects of the subject matter described in this specificationmay be embodied in methods that include the actions of receiving (i)audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query, and (ii)environmental audio data, obtaining a transcription of the spokennatural language query, determining a particular content type associatedwith one or more keywords in the transcription, providing at least aportion of the environmental audio data to a content recognition engine,and identifying a content item that has been output by the contentrecognition engine, and that matches the particular content type.

Other embodiments of these aspects include corresponding systems,apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions ofthe methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

These and other embodiments may each optionally include one or more ofthe following features. For instance, the particular content type is amovie content type, a music content type, a television show contenttype, an audio podcast content type, a book content type, an artworkcontent type, a trailer content type, a video podcast content type, anInternet video content type, or a video game content type. Receiving theenvironmental audio data further includes receiving additional audiodata that includes background noise. The background noise is associatedwith the particular content type. Receiving additional environmentaldata that includes video data or image data. The video data or the imagedata is associated with the particular content type. Providing at leastthe portion of the environmental audio data to the content recognitionengine further includes providing the portion of the environmental audiodata to an audio fingerprinting engine. Determining the particularcontent type further includes identifying the one or more keywords usingone or more databases that, for each of multiple content types, maps atleast one of the keywords to at least one of the multiple content types.The multiple content types includes the particular content type, andwherein mapping further includes mapping at least one of the keywords tothe particular content type. Outputting data identifying the contentitem.

The features further include, for example, providing further includesproviding data identifying the particular content type to the contentrecognition engine, and identifying the content item further includesreceiving data identifying the content item from the content recognitionengine. Receiving two or more content recognition candidates from thecontent recognition system, and identifying the content item furtherincludes selecting a particular content recognition candidate based onthe particular content type. Each of the two or more content recognitioncandidates is associated with a ranking score, the method furtherincluding adjusting the ranking scores of the two or more contentrecognition candidates based on the particular content type. Ranking thetwo or more content recognition candidates based on the adjusted rankingscores.

The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter describedin this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other potential features, aspects, and advantages ofthe subject matter will become apparent from the description, thedrawings, and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts an example system for identifying content item data basedon environmental audio data and a spoken natural language query.

FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart for an example process for identifyingcontent item data based on environmental audio data and a spoken naturallanguage query.

FIGS. 3A-3B depicts portions of an example system for identifyingcontent item.

FIG. 4 depicts an example system for identifying media content itemsbased on environmental image data and a spoken natural language query.

FIG. 5 depicts a computer device and a mobile computer device that maybe used to implement the techniques described here.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 depicts a system 100 for identifying content item data based onenvironmental audio data and a spoken natural language query. Briefly,the system 100 can identify content item data that is based on theenvironmental audio data and that matches a particular content typeassociated with the spoken natural language query. The system 100includes a mobile computing device 102, a disambiguation engine 104, aspeech recognition engine 106, a keyword mapping engine 108, and acontent recognition engine 110. The mobile computing device 102 is incommunication with the disambiguation engine 104 over one or morenetworks. The mobile device 110 can include a microphone, a camera, orother detection means for detecting utterances from a user 112 and/orenvironmental data associated with the user 112.

In some examples, the user 112 is watching a television program. In theillustrated example, the user 112 would like to know who directed thetelevision program that is currently playing. In some examples, the user112 may not know the name of the television program that is currentlyplaying, and may therefore ask the question “Who directed this show?”The mobile computing device 102 detects this utterance, as well asenvironmental audio data associated with the environment of the user112.

In some examples, the environmental audio data associated with theenvironment of the user 112 can include background noise of theenvironment of the user 112. For example, the environmental audio dataincludes the sounds of the television program. In some examples, theenvironmental audio data that is associated with the currently displayedtelevision program can include audio of the currently displayedtelevision program (e.g., dialogue of the currently displayed televisionprogram, soundtrack audio associated with the currently displayedtelevision program, etc.).

In some examples, the mobile computing device 102 detects theenvironmental audio data after detecting the utterance; detects theenvironmental audio data concurrently with detecting the utterance; orboth. The mobile computing device 102 processes the detected utteranceand the environmental audio data to generate waveform data 114 thatrepresents the detected utterance and the environmental audio data andtransmits the waveform data 114 to the disambiguation engine 104 (e.g.,over a network), during operation (A). In some examples, theenvironmental audio data is streamed from the mobile computing device110.

The disambiguation engine 104 receives the waveform data 114 from themobile computing device 102. The disambiguation engine 104 processes thewaveform data 114, including separating (or extracting) the utterancefrom other portions of the waveform data 114 and transmits the utteranceto the speech recognition engine 106 (e.g., over a network), duringoperation (B). For example, the disambiguation engine 104 separates theutterance (“Who directed this show?”) from the background noise of theenvironment of the user 112 (e.g., audio of the currently displayedtelevision program).

In some examples, the disambiguation engine 104 utilizes a voicedetector to facilitate separation of the utterance from the backgroundnoise by identifying a portion of the waveform data 114 that includesvoice activity, or voice activity associated with the user of thecomputing device 102. In some examples, the utterance relates to a query(e.g., a query relating to the currently displayed television program).In some examples, the waveform data 114 includes represents the detectedutterance. In response, the disambiguation engine 104 can request theenvironmental audio data from the mobile computing device 102 relatingto the utterance.

The speech recognition engine 106 receives the portion of the waveformdata 114 that corresponds to the utterance from the disambiguationengine 104. The speech recognition engine 106 obtains a transcription ofthe utterance and provides the transcription to the keyword mappingengine 108, during operation (C). Specifically, the speech recognitionengine 106 processes the utterance received from the speech recognitionengine 106. In some examples, processing of the utterance by the speechrecognition system 106 includes generating a transcription of theutterance. Generating the transcription of the utterance can includetranscribing the utterance into text or text-related data. In otherwords, the speech recognition system 106 can provide a representation oflanguage in written form of the utterance.

For example, the speech recognition system 106 transcribes the utteranceto generate the transcription of “Who directed this show?” In someembodiments, the speech recognition system 106 provides two or moretranscriptions of the utterance. For example, the speech recognitionsystem 106 transcribes the utterance to generate the transcriptions of“Who directed this show?” and “Who directed this shoe?”

The keyword mapping engine 108 receives the transcription from thespeech recognition engine 106. The keyword mapping engine 108 identifiesone or more keywords in the transcription that are associated with aparticular content type and provides the particular content type to thedisambiguation engine 104, during operation (D). In some embodiments,the one or more content types can include ‘movie’, ‘music’, ‘televisionshow’, ‘audio podcast’, ‘image’, ‘artwork’, ‘book’, ‘magazine’,‘trailer’, ‘video podcast’, ‘Internet video’, or ‘video game’.

For example, the keyword mapping engine 108 identifies the keyword“directed” from the transcription of “Who directed this show?” Thekeyword “directed” is associated with the ‘television show’ contenttype. In some embodiments, a keyword of the transcription that isidentified by the keyword mapping engine 108 is associated with two ormore content types. For example, the keyword “directed” is associatedwith the ‘television show’ and ‘movie’ content types.

In some embodiments, the keyword mapping engine 108 identifies two ormore keywords in the transcription that are associated with a particularcontent type. For example, the keyword mapping engines 108 identifiesthe keywords “directed” and “show” that are associated with a particularcontent type. In some embodiments, the identified two or more keywordsare associated with the same content type. For example, the identifiedkeywords “directed” and “show” are both associated with the ‘televisionshow’ content type. In some embodiments, the identified two or morekeywords are associated with differing content types. For example, theidentified keyword “directed” is associated with the ‘movie’ contenttype and the identified keyword “show” is associated with the‘television show’ content type. The keyword mapping engine 108 transmits(e.g., over a network) the particular content type to the disambiguationengine 108.

In some embodiments, the keyword mapping engine 108 identifies the oneor more keywords in the transcription that are associated with aparticular content type using one or more databases that, for each ofmultiple content types, maps at least one of the keywords to at leastone of the multiple content types. Specifically, the keyword mappingengine 108 includes (or is in communication with) a database (ormultiple databases). The database includes, or is associated with, amapping between keywords and content types. Specifically, the databaseprovides a connection (e.g., mapping) between the keywords and thecontent types such that the keyword mapping engine 108 is able toidentify one or more keywords in the transcription that are associatedwith particular content types.

In some embodiments, one or more of the mappings between the keywordsand the content types can include a unidirectional (e.g., one-way)mapping (i.e., a mapping from the keywords to the content types). Insome embodiments, one or more of the mappings between the keywords andthe content types can include a bidirectional (e.g., two-way) mapping(i.e., a mapping from the keywords to the content types and from thecontent types to the keywords). In some embodiments, the one or moredatabases maps one or more of the keywords to two or more content types.

For example, the keyword mapping engine 108 uses the one or moredatabases that maps the keyword “directed” to the ‘movie’ and‘television show’ content types. In some embodiments, the mappingbetween the keywords and the content types can include mappings betweenmultiple, varying versions of a root keyword (e.g., the word family) andthe content types. The differing versions of the keyword can includediffering grammatical categories such as tense (e.g., past, present,future) and word class (e.g., noun, verb). For example, the database caninclude mappings of the word family of the root word “direct” such as“directors,” “direction,” and “directed” to the one or more contenttypes.

The disambiguation engine 104 receives data identifying the particularcontent type associated with the transcription of the utterance from thekeyword mapping engine 108. Furthermore, as mentioned above, thedisambiguation engine 104 receives the waveform data 114 from the mobilecomputing device 102 that includes the environmental audio dataassociated with the utterance. The disambiguation engine 104 thenprovides the environmental audio data and the particular content type tothe content recognition engine 110, during operation (E).

For example, the disambiguation engine 104 transmits the environmentalaudio data relating to the currently displayed television program thatincludes audio of the currently displayed television program (e.g.,dialogue of the currently displayed television program, soundtrack audioassociated with the currently displayed television program, etc.) andthe particular content type of the transcription of the utterance (e.g.,‘television show’ content type) to the content recognition engine 110.

In some embodiments, the disambiguation engine 104 provides a portion ofthe environmental audio data to the content recognition engine 110. Insome examples, the portion of the environmental audio data can includebackground noise detected by the mobile computing device 102 afterdetecting the utterance. In some examples, the portion of theenvironmental audio data can include background noise detected by themobile computing device 102 concurrently with detecting the utterance.

In some embodiments, the background noise (of the waveform data 114) isassociated with a particular content type that is associated with akeyword of the transcription. For example, the keyword “directed” of thetranscription “Who directed this show?” is associated with the‘television show’ content type, and the background noise (e.g., theenvironmental audio data relating to the currently displayed televisionprogram) is also associated with the ‘television show’ content type.

The content recognition engine 110 receives the environmental audio dataand the particular content type from the disambiguation engine 104. Thecontent recognition engine 110 identifies content item data that isbased on the environmental audio data and that matches the particularcontent type and provides the content item data to the disambiguationengine 104, during operation (F). Specifically, the content recognitionengine 110 appropriately processes the environmental audio data toidentify content item data that is associated with the environmentalaudio data (e.g., a name of a television show, a name of a song, etc.).Additionally, the content recognition engine 110 matches the identifiedcontent item data with the particular content type (e.g., content typeof the transcription of the utterance). The content recognition engine110 transmits (e.g., over a network) the identified content item data tothe disambiguation engine 104.

For example, the content recognition engine 110 identifies content itemdata that is based on the environmental audio data relating to thecurrently displayed television program, and further that matches the‘television show’ content type. To that end, the content recognitionengine 110 can identify content item data based on dialogue of thecurrently displayed television program, or soundtrack audio associatedwith the currently displayed television program, depending on theportion of the environmental audio data received by the contentrecognition engine 110.

In some embodiments, the content recognition engine 110 is an audiofingerprinting engine that utilizes content fingerprinting usingwavelets to identify the content item data. Specifically, the contentrecognition engine 110 converts the waveform data 114 into aspectrogram. From the spectrogram, the content recognition engine 110extracts spectral images. The spectral images can be represented aswavelets. For each of the spectral images that are extracted from thespectrogram, the content recognition engine 110 extracts the “top”wavelets based on the respective magnitudes of the wavelets. For eachspectral image, the content recognition engine 110 computes a waveletsignature of the image. In some examples, the wavelet signatures is atruncated, quantized version of the wavelet decomposition of the image.

For example, to describe an m×n image with wavelets, m×n wavelets arereturned without compression. Additionally, the content recognitionengine 110 utilizes a subset of the wavelets that most characterize thesong. Specifically, the t “top” wavelets (by magnitude) are selected,where t<<m×n. Furthermore, the content recognition engine 110 creates acompact representation of the sparse wavelet-vector described above, forexample, using MinHash to compute sub-fingerprints for these sparse bitvectors.

In some examples, when the environmental audio data includes at leastthe soundtrack audio associated with the currently displayed televisionprogram, the content recognition engine 110 identifies content item datathat is based on the soundtrack audio associated with the currentlydisplayed television program and that also matches the ‘television show’content type. Thus, in some examples, the content recognition engine 110identifies content item data relating to a name of the currentlydisplayed television program. For example, the content recognitionengine 110 can determine that a particular content item (e.g., aspecific television show) is associated with a theme song (e.g., thesoundtrack audio), and that the particular content item (e.g., thespecific television show) matches the particular content type (e.g.,‘television show’ content type). Thus, the content recognition engine110 can identify data (e.g., the name of the specific television show)that relates to the particular content item (e.g., the currentlydisplayed television program) that is based on the environmental audiodata (e.g., the soundtrack audio), and further that matches theparticular content type (e.g., ‘television show’ content type).

The disambiguation engine 104 receives the identified content item datafrom the content recognition engine 110. The disambiguation engine 104then provides the identified content item data to the mobile computingdevice 102, at operation (G). For example, the disambiguation engine 104transmits the identified content item data relating to the currentlydisplayed television program (e.g., a name of the currently displayedtelevision program) to the mobile computing device 102.

In some examples, one or more of the mobile computing device 102, thedisambiguation engine 104, the speech recognition engine 106, thekeyword mapping engine 108, and the content recognition engine 110 canbe in communication with a subset (or each) of the mobile computingdevice 102, the disambiguation engine 104, the speech recognition engine106, the keyword mapping engine 108, and the content recognition engine110. In some embodiments, one or more of the disambiguation engine 104,the speech recognition engine 106, the keyword mapping engine 108, andthe content recognition engine 110 can be implemented using one or morecomputing devices, such as one or more computing servers, a distributedcomputing system, or a server farm or cluster.

In some embodiments, as mentioned above, the environmental audio data isstreamed from the mobile computing device 110 to the disambiguationengine 104. When the environmental audio data is streamed, theabove-mentioned process (e.g., operations (A)-(H)) is performed as theenvironmental audio data is received by the disambiguation engine 104(i.e., performed incrementally). In other words, as each portion of theenvironmental audio data is received by (e.g., streamed to) thedisambiguation engine 104, operations (A)-(H) are performed iterativelyuntil content item data is identified.

FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart of an example process 200 for identifyingcontent item data based on environmental audio data and a spoken naturallanguage query. The example process 200 can be executed using one ormore computing devices. For example, the mobile computing device 102,the disambiguation engine 104, the speech recognition engine 106, thekeyword mapping engine 108, and/or the content recognition engine 110can be used to execute the example process 200.

Audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query andenvironmental audio data is received (202). For example, thedisambiguation engine 104 receives the waveform data 114 from the mobilecomputing device 102. The waveform data 114 includes the spoken naturalquery of the user (e.g., “Who directed this show?”) and theenvironmental audio data (e.g., audio of the currently displayedtelevision program). The disambiguation engine 104 separates the spokennatural language query (“Who directed this show?”) from the backgroundnoise of the environment of the user 112 (e.g., audio of the currentlydisplayed television program).

A transcription of the natural language query is obtained (204). Forexample, the speech recognition system 106 transcribes the naturallanguage query to generate a transcription of the natural language query(e.g., “Who directed this show?”).

A particular content type that is associated with one or more keywordsin the transcription is determined (206). For example, the keywordmapping engine 108 identifies one or more keywords (e.g., “directed”) inthe transcription (e.g., “Who directed this show?”) that are associatedwith a particular content type (e.g., ‘television show’ content type).In some embodiments, the keyword mapping engine 108 determines theparticular content type that is associated with one or more keywords inthe transcription using one or more databases that, for each of multiplecontent types, maps at least one of the keywords to at least one of themultiple content types. The database provides a connection (e.g.,mapping) between the keywords (e.g., “directed”) and the content types(e.g., ‘television show’ content type).

At least a portion of the environmental audio data is provided to acontent recognition engine (208). For example, the disambiguation engine104 provides at least the portion the environmental audio data encodedby the waveform data 114 (e.g., audio of the currently displayedtelevision program) to the content recognition engine 110. In someexamples, the disambiguation engine 104 also provides the particularcontent type (e.g. ‘television show’ content type) that is associatedwith the one or more keywords (e.g., “directed”) in the transcription tothe content recognition engine 110.

A content item is identified that is output by the content recognitionengine, and that matches the particular content type (210). For example,the content recognition engine 110 identifies a content item or contentitem data that is based on the environmental audio data (e.g., audio ofthe currently displayed television program) and that matches theparticular content type (e.g. ‘television show’ content type).

FIGS. 3A and 3B depict portions 300 a and 300 b, respectively, of asystem for identifying content item data. Specifically, FIGS. 3A and 3Binclude disambiguation engines 304 a and 304 b, respectively; andinclude content recognition engines 310 a and 310 b, respectively. Thedisambiguation engines 304 a and 304 b are similar to the disambiguationengine 104 of system 100 depicted in FIG. 1; and the content recognitionengines 310 a and 310 b are similar to the content recognition engine110 of system 100 depicted in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A depicts the portion 300 a including the content recognitionengine 310 a. The content recognition engine 310 a is able to identifycontent item data based on environmental data and that matches aparticular content type. In other words, the content recognition engine310 a is able to appropriately process the environmental data toidentify content item data based on the environmental data, and furtherselect one or more of the identified content item data such that theselected content item data matches the particular content type.

Specifically, the disambiguation engine 304 a provides the environmentaldata and the particular content type to the content recognition engine310 a, during operation (A). In some embodiments, the disambiguationengine 304 a provides a portion of the environmental data to the contentrecognition engine 310 a.

The content recognition engine 310 a receives the environmental data andthe particular content type from the disambiguation engine 304 a. Thecontent recognition engine 310 a then identifies content item data thatis based on the environmental data and that matches the particularcontent type and provides the identified content item data to thedisambiguation engine 304 a, during operation (B). Specifically, thecontent recognition engine 310 a identifies content item data (e.g., aname of a television show, a name of a song, etc.) that is based on theenvironmental data. The content recognition engine 310 a then selectsone or more of the identified content item data that matches theparticular content type. In other words, the content recognition engine310 a filters the identified content item data based on the particularcontent type. The content recognition engine 310 a transmits (e.g., overa network) the identified content item data to the disambiguation engine304 a.

In some examples, when the environmental data includes at leastsoundtrack audio associated with a currently displayed televisionprogram, as mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1, the contentrecognition engine 310 a identifies content item data that is based onthe soundtrack audio associated with the currently displayed televisionprogram. The content recognition engine 310 a then filters theidentified content item data based on the ‘television show’ contenttype. For example, the content recognition engine 310 a identifies a‘theme song name’ and a ‘TV show name’ associated with the soundtrackaudio. The content recognition engine 310 a then filters the identifiedcontent item data such that the identified content item data alsomatches the ‘television show’ content type. For example, the contentrecognition engine 310 a selects the ‘TV show name’ identifying data,and transmits the ‘TV show name’ identifying data to the disambiguationengine 304 a.

In some examples, the content recognition engine 310 a selects a corpus(or index) based on the content type (e.g., ‘television show’ contenttype). Specifically, the content recognition engine 310 a can haveaccess to a first index relating to the ‘television show’ content typeand a second index relating to a ‘movie’ content type. The contentrecognition engine 310 a appropriately selects the first index based onthe ‘television show’ content type. Thus, by selecting the first index(and not selecting the second index), the content recognition engine 310a can more efficiently identify the content item data (e.g., a name ofthe television show).

The disambiguation engine 304 a receives the content item data from thecontent recognition engine 310 a. For example, the disambiguation engine304 a receives the ‘TV show name’ identifying data from the contentrecognition engine 310 a. The disambiguation engine 304 a then providesthe identifying data to a third party (e.g., the mobile computing device102 of FIG. 1), during operation (C). For example, the disambiguationengine 304 a provides the ‘TV show name’ identifying data to the thirdparty.

FIG. 3 b depicts the portion 300 b including the content recognitionengine 310 b. The content recognition engine 310 b is able to identifycontent item data based on environmental data. In other words, thecontent recognition engine 310 b is able to appropriately process theenvironmental data to identify content item data based on theenvironmental data, and provide the content item data to thedisambiguation engine 304 b. The disambiguation engine 310 b selects oneor more of the identified content item data such that the selectedcontent item data matches the particular content type.

Specifically, the disambiguation engine 304 b provides the environmentaldata to the content recognition engine 310 b, during operation (A). Insome embodiments, the disambiguation engine 304 b provides a portion ofthe environmental data to the content recognition engine 310 b.

The content recognition engine 310 b receives the environmental datafrom the disambiguation engine 304 b. The content recognition engine 310b then identifies content item data that is based on the environmentaldata and provides the identified content item data to the disambiguationengine 304 b, during operation (B). Specifically, the contentrecognition engine 310 b identifies content item data associated withtwo or more content items (e.g., a name of a television show, a name ofa song, etc.) that is based on the environmental data. The contentrecognition engine 310 b transmits (e.g., over a network) two or morecandidates representing the identified content item data to thedisambiguation engine 304 b.

In some examples, when the environmental data includes at leastsoundtrack audio associated with a currently displayed televisionprogram, as mentioned above with respect to FIG. 1, the contentrecognition engine 310 b identifies content item data relating to two ormore content items that is based on the soundtrack audio associated withthe currently displayed television program. For example, the contentrecognition engine 310 b identifies a ‘theme song name’ and a ‘TV showname’ associated with the soundtrack audio, and transmits the ‘themesong name’ and ‘TV show name’ identifying data to the disambiguationengine 304 b.

The disambiguation engine 304 b receives the two or more candidates fromthe content recognition engine 310 b. For example, the disambiguationengine 304 b receives the ‘theme song name’ and ‘TV show name’candidates from the content recognition engine 310 b. The disambiguationengine 304 b then selects one of the two or more candidates based on aparticular content type and provides the selected candidate to a thirdparty (e.g., the mobile computing device 102 of FIG. 1), duringoperation (C). Specifically, the disambiguation engine 304 b previouslyreceives the particular content type (e.g., that is associated with anutterance), as described above with respect to FIG. 1. Thedisambiguation engine 304 b selects a particular candidate of the two ormore candidates based on the particular content type. Specifically, thedisambiguation engine 304 b selects the particular candidate of the twoor more candidates that matches the particular content type. Forexample, the disambiguation engine 304 b selects the ‘TV show name’candidate as the ‘TV show name’ candidate matches the ‘television show’content type.

In some embodiments, the two or more candidates from the contentrecognition engine 310 b are associated with a ranking score. Theranking score can be associated with any scoring metric as determined bythe disambiguation engine 304 b. The disambiguation engine 304 b canfurther adjust the ranking score of two or more candidates based on theparticular content type. Specifically, the disambiguation engine 304 bcan increase the ranking score of one or more of the candidates when therespective candidates are matched to the particular content type. Forexample, the ranking score of the candidate ‘TV show name’ can beincreased as it matches the ‘television show’ content type. Furthermore,the disambiguation engine 304 b can decrease the ranking score of one ormore of the candidates when the respective candidates are not matched tothe particular content type. For example, the ranking score of thecandidate ‘theme song name’ can be decreased as it does not match the‘television show’ content type.

In some embodiments, the two or more candidates can be ranked based onthe respective adjusted ranking scores by the disambiguation engine 304b. For example, the disambiguation engine 304 b can rank the ‘TV showname’ candidate above the ‘theme song name’ candidate as the ‘TV showname’ candidate has a higher adjusted ranking score as compared to theadjusted ranking score of the ‘theme song name’ candidate. In someexamples, the disambiguation engine 304 b selects the candidate rankedhighest (i.e., has the highest adjusted ranking score).

FIG. 4 depicts a system 400 for identifying content item data based onenvironmental image data and a spoken natural language query. In short,the system 400 can identify content item data that is based on theenvironmental image data and that matches a particular content typeassociated with the spoken natural language query. The system 400includes a mobile computing device 402, a disambiguation engine 404, aspeech recognition engine 406, a keyword mapping engine 408, and acontent recognition engine 410, analogous to that of the mobilecomputing device 102, the disambiguation engine 104, the speechrecognition engine 106, the keyword mapping engine 108, and the contentrecognition engine 110, respectively, of system 100 illustrated in FIG.1.

In some examples, the user 112 is looking at a CD album cover of asoundtrack of a movie. In the illustrated example, the user 112 wouldlike to know what songs are on the soundtrack. In some examples, theuser 112 may not know the name of the movie soundtrack, and maytherefore ask the question “What songs are on this?” or “What songs playin this movie?” The mobile computing device 402 detects this utterance,as well as environmental image data associated with the environment ofthe user 112.

In some examples, the environmental image data associated with theenvironment of the user 112 can include image data of the environment ofthe user 112. For example, the environmental image data includes animage of the CD album cover that depicts images related to the movie(e.g., an image of a movie poster of the associated movie). In someexamples, the mobile computing device 402 detects the environmentalimage data utilizing a camera of the mobile computing device 402 thatcaptures an image (or video) of the CD album cover.

The mobile computing device 402 processes the detected utterance togenerate waveform data 414 that represents the detected utterance andtransmits the waveform data 414 and the environmental image data to thedisambiguation engine 404 (e.g., over a network), during operation (A).

The disambiguation engine 404 receives the waveform data 414 and theenvironmental image data from the mobile computing device 402. Thedisambiguation engine 404 processes the waveform data 414 and transmitsthe utterance to the speech recognition engine 406 (e.g., over anetwork), during operation (B). In some examples, the utterance relatesto a query (e.g., a query relating to the movie soundtrack).

The speech recognition system 406 receives the utterance from thedisambiguation engine 404. The speech recognition system 406 obtains atranscription of the utterance and provides the transcription to thekeyword mapping engine 408, during operation (C). Specifically, thespeech recognition system 406 processes the utterance received from thespeech recognition engine 406 by generating a transcription of theutterance.

For example, the speech recognition system 406 transcribes the utteranceto generate the transcription of “What songs are on this?” In someembodiments, the speech recognition system 406 provides two or moretranscriptions of the utterance. For example, the speech recognitionsystem 406 transcribes the utterance to generate the transcriptions of“What songs are on this?” and “What sinks are on this?”

The keyword mapping engine 408 receives the transcription from thespeech recognition engine 406. The keyword mapping engine 408 identifiesone or more keywords in the transcription that are associated with aparticular content type and provides the particular content type to thedisambiguation engine 404, during operation (D).

For example, the keyword mapping engine 408 identifies the keyword“songs” from the transcription of “What songs are on this?” The keyword“songs” is associated with the ‘music’ content type. In someembodiments, a keyword of the transcription that is identified by thekeyword mapping engine 408 is associated with two or more content types.For example, the keyword “songs” is associated with the ‘music’ and‘singer’ content types. The keyword mapping engine 408 transmits (e.g.,over a network) the particular content type to the disambiguation engine408.

In some embodiments, analogous to that mentioned above, the keywordmapping engine 408 identifies the one or more keywords in thetranscription that are associated with a particular content type usingone or more databases that, for each of multiple content types, maps atleast one of the keywords to at least one of the multiple content types.For example, the keyword mapping engine 408 uses the one or moredatabases that maps the keyword “songs” to the ‘music’ and ‘singer’content types.

The disambiguation engine 404 receives the particular content typeassociated with the transcription of the utterance from the keywordmapping engine 408. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the disambiguationengine 404 receives the environmental image data associated with theutterance. The disambiguation engine 404 then provides the environmentalimage data and the particular content type to the content recognitionengine 410, during operation (E).

For example, the disambiguation engine 404 transmits the environmentalimage data relating to the movie soundtrack (e.g., an image of the movieposter CD album cover) and the particular content type of thetranscription of the utterance (e.g., ‘music’ content type) to thecontent recognition engine 410.

The content recognition engine 410 receives the environmental image dataand the particular content type from the disambiguation engine 404. Thecontent recognition engine 410 then identifies content item data that isbased on the environmental image data and that matches the particularcontent type and provides the identified content item data to thedisambiguation engine 404, during operation (F). Specifically, thecontent recognition engine 410 appropriately processes the environmentalimage data to identify content item data (e.g., a name of a contentitem). Additionally, the content recognition engine 410 matches theidentified content item with the particular content type (e.g., contenttype of the transcription of the utterance). The content recognitionengine 408 transmits (e.g., over a network) the identified content itemdata to the disambiguation engine 408.

For example, the content recognition engine 410 identifies data that isbased on the environmental image data relating to the image of the movieposter CD album cover, and further that matches the ‘music’ contenttype.

In some examples, when the environmental image data includes at leastthe movie poster image associated with the CD album cover, the contentrecognition engine 410 identifies content item data that is based on themovie poster associated with the CD album cover and that also matchesthe ‘music’ content type. Thus, in some examples, the contentrecognition engine 410 identifies content item data relating to a nameof the movie soundtrack. For example, the content recognition engine 410can determine that a particular content item (e.g., a specific moviesoundtrack) is associated with a movie poster, and that the particularcontent item (e.g., the specific movie soundtrack) matches theparticular content type (e.g., ‘music’ content type). Thus, the contentrecognition 410 can identify data (e.g., the name of the specific moviesoundtrack) that relates to the particular content item (e.g., thespecific movie soundtrack) that is based on the environmental image data(e.g., the image of the CD album cover), and further that matches theparticular content type (e.g., ‘music’ content type).

The disambiguation engine 404 receives the identified content item datafrom the content recognition engine 410. The disambiguation engine 404then provides the identified content item data to the mobile computingdevice 402, at operation (G). For example, the disambiguation engine 404transmits the identified content item data relating to the moviesoundtrack (e.g., a name of the movie soundtrack) to the mobilecomputing device 402.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a generic computer device 500 and a genericmobile computer device 550, which may be used with the techniquesdescribed here. Computing device 500 is intended to represent variousforms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations,personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, andother appropriate computers. Computing device 550 is intended torepresent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digitalassistants, cellular telephones, smartphones, and other similarcomputing devices. The components shown here, their connections andrelationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, andare not meant to limit implementations of the inventions describedand/or claimed in this document.

Computing device 500 includes a processor 502, memory 504, a storagedevice 506, a high-speed interface 508 connecting to memory 504 andhigh-speed expansion ports 510, and a low speed interface 512 connectingto low speed bus 514 and storage device 506. Each of the components 502,504, 506, 508, 510, and 512, are interconnected using various busses,and may be mounted on a common motherboard or in other manners asappropriate. The processor 502 may process instructions for executionwithin the computing device 500, including instructions stored in thememory 504 or on the storage device 506 to display graphical informationfor a GUI on an external input/output device, such as display 516coupled to high speed interface 508. In other implementations, multipleprocessors and/or multiple buses may be used, as appropriate, along withmultiple memories and types of memory. Also, multiple computing devices500 may be connected, with each device providing portions of thenecessary operations (e.g., as a server bank, a group of blade servers,or a multi-processor system).

The memory 504 stores information within the computing device 500. Inone implementation, the memory 504 is a volatile memory unit or units.In another implementation, the memory 504 is a non-volatile memory unitor units. The memory 504 may also be another form of computer-readablemedium, such as a magnetic or optical disk.

The storage device 506 is capable of providing mass storage for thecomputing device 500. In one implementation, the storage device 506 maybe or contain a computer-readable medium, such as a floppy disk device,a hard disk device, an optical disk device, or a tape device, a flashmemory or other similar solid state memory device, or an array ofdevices, including devices in a storage area network or otherconfigurations. A computer program product may be tangibly embodied inan information carrier. The computer program product may also containinstructions that, when executed, perform one or more methods, such asthose described above. The information carrier is a computer- ormachine-readable medium, such as the memory 504, the storage device 506,or a memory on processor 502.

The high speed controller 508 manages bandwidth-intensive operations forthe computing device 500, while the low speed controller 512 manageslower bandwidth-intensive operations. Such allocation of functions isexemplary only. In one implementation, the high-speed controller 508 iscoupled to memory 504, display 516 (e.g., through a graphics processoror accelerator), and to high-speed expansion ports 510, which may acceptvarious expansion cards (not shown). In the implementation, low-speedcontroller 512 is coupled to storage device 506 and low-speed expansionport 514. The low-speed expansion port, which may include variouscommunication ports (e.g., USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, wireless Ethernet)may be coupled to one or more input/output devices, such as a keyboard,a pointing device, a scanner, or a networking device such as a switch orrouter, e.g., through a network adapter.

The computing device 500 may be implemented in a number of differentforms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as astandard server 520, or multiple times in a group of such servers. Itmay also be implemented as part of a rack server system 524. Inaddition, it may be implemented in a personal computer such as a laptopcomputer 522. Alternatively, components from computing device 500 may becombined with other components in a mobile device (not shown), such asdevice 550. Each of such devices may contain one or more of computingdevice 500, 550, and an entire system may be made up of multiplecomputing devices 500, 550 communicating with each other.

Computing device 550 includes a processor 552, memory 564, aninput/output device such as a display 554, a communication interface566, and a transceiver 568, among other components. The device 550 mayalso be provided with a storage device, such as a microdrive or otherdevice, to provide additional storage. Each of the components 550, 552,564, 554, 566, and 568, are interconnected using various buses, andseveral of the components may be mounted on a common motherboard or inother manners as appropriate.

The processor 552 may execute instructions within the computing device650, including instructions stored in the memory 564. The processor maybe implemented as a chipset of chips that include separate and multipleanalog and digital processors. The processor may provide, for example,for coordination of the other components of the device 550, such ascontrol of user interfaces, applications run by device 550, and wirelesscommunication by device 550.

Processor 552 may communicate with a user through control interface 658and display interface 556 coupled to a display 554. The display 554 maybe, for example, a TFT LCD (Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid Crystal Display)or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, or other appropriatedisplay technology. The display interface 556 may comprise appropriatecircuitry for driving the display 554 to present graphical and otherinformation to a user. The control interface 558 may receive commandsfrom a user and convert them for submission to the processor 552. Inaddition, an external interface 562 may be provide in communication withprocessor 552, so as to enable near area communication of device 550with other devices. External interface 562 may provide, for example, forwired communication in some implementations, or for wirelesscommunication in other implementations, and multiple interfaces may alsobe used.

The memory 564 stores information within the computing device 550. Thememory 564 may be implemented as one or more of a computer-readablemedium or media, a volatile memory unit or units, or a non-volatilememory unit or units. Expansion memory 554 may also be provided andconnected to device 550 through expansion interface 552, which mayinclude, for example, a SIMM (Single In Line Memory Module) cardinterface. Such expansion memory 554 may provide extra storage space fordevice 550, or may also store applications or other information fordevice 550. Specifically, expansion memory 554 may include instructionsto carry out or supplement the processes described above, and mayinclude secure information also. Thus, for example, expansion memory 554may be provide as a security module for device 550, and may beprogrammed with instructions that permit secure use of device 550. Inaddition, secure applications may be provided via the SIMM cards, alongwith additional information, such as placing identifying information onthe SIMM card in a non-hackable manner.

The memory may include, for example, flash memory and/or NVRAM memory,as discussed below. In one implementation, a computer program product istangibly embodied in an information carrier. The computer programproduct contains instructions that, when executed, perform one or moremethods, such as those described above. The information carrier is acomputer- or machine-readable medium, such as the memory 564, expansionmemory 554, memory on processor 552, or a propagated signal that may bereceived, for example, over transceiver 568 or external interface 562.

Device 550 may communicate wirelessly through communication interface566, which may include digital signal processing circuitry wherenecessary. Communication interface 566 may provide for communicationsunder various modes or protocols, such as GSM voice calls, SMS, EMS, orMMS messaging, CDMA, TDMA, PDC, WCDMA, CDMA2000, or GPRS, among others.Such communication may occur, for example, through radio-frequencytransceiver 568. In addition, short-range communication may occur, suchas using a Bluetooth, WiFi, or other such transceiver (not shown). Inaddition, GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver module 550 mayprovide additional navigation- and location-related wireless data todevice 550, which may be used as appropriate by applications running ondevice 550.

Device 550 may also communicate audibly using audio codec 560, which mayreceive spoken information from a user and convert it to usable digitalinformation. Audio codec 560 may likewise generate audible sound for auser, such as through a speaker, e.g., in a handset of device 550. Suchsound may include sound from voice telephone calls, may include recordedsound (e.g., voice messages, music files, etc.) and may also includesound generated by applications operating on device 550.

The computing device 550 may be implemented in a number of differentforms, as shown in the figure. For example, it may be implemented as acellular telephone 580. It may also be implemented as part of asmartphone 582, personal digital assistant, or other similar mobiledevice.

Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here maybe realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry,specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits),computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof.These various implementations may include implementation in one or morecomputer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on aprogrammable system including at least one programmable processor, whichmay be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data andinstructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storagesystem, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

These computer programs (also known as programs, software, softwareapplications or code) include machine instructions for a programmableprocessor, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/orobject-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machinelanguage. As used herein, the terms “machine-readable medium”“computer-readable medium” refers to any computer program product,apparatus and/or device (e.g., magnetic discs, optical disks, memory,Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructionsand/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readablemedium that receives machine instructions as a machine-readable signal.The term “machine-readable signal” refers to any signal used to providemachine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor.

To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniquesdescribed here may be implemented on a computer having a display device(e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor)for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointingdevice (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user may provideinput to the computer. Other kinds of devices may be used to provide forinteraction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to theuser may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback,auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may bereceived in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

The systems and techniques described here may be implemented in acomputing system that includes a back end component (e.g., as a dataserver), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an applicationserver), or that includes a front end component (e.g., a client computerhaving a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a usermay interact with an implementation of the systems and techniquesdescribed here), or any combination of such back end, middleware, orfront end components. The components of the system may be interconnectedby any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., acommunication network). Examples of communication networks include alocal area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), and theInternet.

The computing system may include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

While this disclosure includes some specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of the disclosure or of what maybe claimed, but rather as descriptions of features of exampleimplementations of the disclosure. Certain features that are describedin this disclosure in the context of separate implementations can alsobe provided in combination in a single implementation. Conversely,various features that are described in the context of a singleimplementation can also be provided in multiple implementationsseparately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, althoughfeatures may be described above as acting in certain combinations andeven initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimedcombination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and theclaimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation ofa subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various systemcomponents in the implementations described above should not beunderstood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and itshould be understood that the described program components and systemscan generally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular implementations of the present disclosure have beendescribed. Other implementations are within the scope of the followingclaims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performedin a different order and still achieve desirable results. A number ofimplementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understoodthat various modifications may be made without departing from the spiritand scope of the disclosure. For example, various forms of the flowsshown above may be used, with steps re-ordered, added, or removed.Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving data including (i) audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query, and (ii) environmental audio data; obtaining a transcription of the spoken natural language query; determining a particular content type associated with one or more keywords in the transcription; providing at least a portion of the environmental audio data to a content recognition engine; and identifying a content item that (i) has been output by the content recognition engine, and (ii) matches the particular content type associated with the one or more keywords in the transcription.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the particular content type is a movie content type, a music content type, a television show content type, an audio podcast content type, a book content type, an artwork content type, a trailer content type, a video podcast content type, an Internet video content type, or a video game content type.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving the data including the environmental audio data further includes receiving additional audio data that includes background noise.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including receiving additional environmental data that includes video data or image data.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including outputting data identifying the content item.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein providing at least the portion of the environmental audio data to the content recognition engine further includes providing the portion of the environmental audio data to an audio fingerprinting engine.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein determining the particular content type further includes identifying the one or more keywords using one or more databases that, for each of multiple content types, maps at least one of the keywords to at least one of the multiple content types.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the multiple content types includes the particular content type, and wherein mapping further includes mapping at least one of the keywords to the particular content type.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein providing further includes providing data identifying the particular content type to the content recognition engine, and wherein identifying the content item further includes receiving data identifying the content item from the content recognition engine.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further including receiving two or more content recognition candidates from the content recognition system, and wherein identifying the content item further includes selecting a particular content recognition candidate based on the particular content type.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein each of the two or more content recognition candidates is associated with a ranking score, the method further including adjusting the ranking scores of the two or more content recognition candidates based on the particular content type.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further including ranking the two or more content recognition candidates based on the adjusted ranking scores.
 13. A system comprising: one or more computers and one or more storage devices storing instructions that are operable, when executed by the one or more computers, to cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: receiving data including (i) audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query, and (ii) environmental audio data; obtaining a transcription of the spoken natural language query; determining a particular content type associated with one or more keywords in the transcription; providing at least a portion of the environmental audio data to a content recognition engine; and identifying a content item that (i) has been output by the content recognition engine, and (ii) matches the particular content type associated with the one or more keywords in the transcription.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein receiving the data including the environmental audio data further includes receiving additional audio data that includes background noise.
 15. The system of claim 13, the operations further including receiving additional environmental data that includes video data or image data.
 16. The system of claim 13, wherein providing at least the portion of the environmental audio data to the content recognition engine further includes providing the portion of the environmental audio data to an audio fingerprinting engine.
 17. The system of claim 13, wherein determining the particular content type further includes identifying the one or more keywords using one or more databases that, for each of multiple content types, maps at least one of the keywords to at least one of the multiple content types.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the multiple content types includes the particular content type, and wherein mapping further includes mapping at least one of the keywords to the particular content type.
 19. The system of claim 13, wherein providing further includes providing data identifying the particular content type to the content recognition engine, and wherein identifying the content item further includes receiving data identifying the content item from the content recognition engine.
 20. The system of claim 13, the operations further including receiving two or more content recognition candidates from the content recognition system, and wherein identifying the content item further includes selecting a particular content recognition candidate based on the particular content type.
 21. The system of claim 20, wherein each of the two or more content recognition candidates is associated with a ranking score, the method further including adjusting the ranking scores of the two or more content recognition candidates based on the particular content type.
 22. The system of claim 21, the operations further including ranking the two or more content recognition candidates based on the adjusted ranking scores.
 23. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing software comprising instructions executable by one or more computers which, upon such execution, cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: receiving data including (i) audio data that encodes a spoken natural language query, and (ii) environmental audio data; obtaining a transcription of the spoken natural language query; determining a particular content type associated with one or more keywords in the transcription; providing at least a portion of the environmental audio data to a content recognition engine; and identifying a content item that (i) has been output by the content recognition engine, and (ii) matches the particular content type associated with the one or more keywords in the transcription.
 24. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein providing at least the portion of the environmental audio data to the content recognition engine further includes providing the portion of the environmental audio data to an audio fingerprinting engine.
 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein determining the particular content type further includes identifying the one or more keywords using one or more databases that, for each of multiple content types, maps at least one of the keywords to at least one of the multiple content types.
 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the multiple content types includes the particular content type, and wherein mapping further includes mapping at least one of the keywords to the particular content type.
 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, the operations further including outputting data identifying the content item.
 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein providing further includes providing data identifying the particular content type to the content recognition engine, and wherein identifying the content item further includes receiving data identifying the content item from the content recognition engine.
 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 23, the operations further including receiving two or more content recognition candidates from the content recognition system, and wherein identifying the content item further includes selecting a particular content recognition candidate based on the particular content type.
 30. The computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein each of the two or more content recognition candidates is associated with a ranking score, the method further including adjusting the ranking scores of the two or more content recognition candidates based on the particular content type. 